YANG, Zenfu (1993): Development conditions of stone flowers in Shihua cave and the cave environmental protection.-
Proceedings XI Intern. Congress of Speleology, 2nd-8th August 1993, Beijing 1993: 162-163 (1 table) (chines. summ.).
Shihua cave situated 50 km SW of Beijing is a 6 levels cave developed in the Quaternary; the age of the upper level is 320'055 y. BP, the age of the lower level is 22'120 y. BP. Protective measures are discussed. (RB).
Source : BBS
LI, Tieying (1993): The exploitation and conservation of stone flower cave (Shihuadong), Beijing.-
Proceedings XI Intern. Congress of Speleology, 2nd-8th August 1993, Beijing 1993: 163-165 (3 tables) (chines. summ.).
Description of the 2,54 km long cave. The environmental impact of the opening of the cave for tourists, the damages and protective measures are discussed. (RB).
Source : BBS
ZHANG, Cheng; JIANG, Zhongcheng; XIE, Yunqiu; WENG, Jintao (1995): [Geological structure, neotectonic movement and the formation, evolution of regional karst geomorphology of West-Hill, Beijing].-
Carsologia sinica Vol.14 No.3 / Sept. 1995: 231-240 (5 fig., 5 tab.) (chinese; engl. summ.).
Geological structure and neotectonic movements are two important factors responsible for the difference of various karst geomorphologic units in this area. Fengcong like karst landscape along the Juma River, and large - scale karst caves, such as Yunshui cave (survey), Shihua cave and Yinhu cave are developed there. (RB).
Source : BBS
LIU, Xiang; YANG, Zhenfu (1993): The formation of Shihua cave of Beijing and its landform condition.-
Proceedings XI Intern. Congress of Speleology, 2nd-8th August 1993, Beijing 1993: 86. (3 tab.).
The six levels of Shihua cave, developed in Middle Ordovician limestone and totalizing more than 2 km, are related to the Dashi river terraces. (RB)
Source : BBS
TAN, Ming; LIU, Dongsheng; QIN, Xiaoguang; ZHONG, Hua; LI, Tieying; ZHAO, Shusen; LI, Hongchun; LU, Jinbo; LU, Xiangyang (1997): (Preliminary study on the data from microbanding and stable isotopes of stalagmites of Beijing Shihua cave).-
Carsologia sinica, Vol.16 No.1, March 1997: 1-10 (1 tab., 6 fig.) (chines., engl. summ.).
A new kind of microbanding, the transparent microbanding which is observed under the polarizing microscope, was found. A report of about 1100 continuously deposited bands taken from the upper part of 45 mm of the stalagmite is given. The AMS14C dating suggest that each banding represents one year, reflecting the variation of annual precipitation. (RB).
Source : BBS
SONG, Linhua (1997): Classification of shields in Shihua Cave, Beijing.-
Proceedings of the 12th International Congress of Speleology, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Aug. 1997. Symposium 7, Volume 1: 279-281 (7 fig.).
Shihua cave, 50 km to the southwest of Beijing developed in the Ordovician limestone and dolo-limestone.The Shihua cave has 6 levels with a total length of 2900 m. The sixth level is developed under the groundwater table. In summer, the fifth level is seasonally filled with water.The first and second levels of the cave system have been public since 1984. There are over 1000 shields and larger or smaller plates in Shihua cave, shields are the main attraction of the cave. According to their dipping, they may be classified as vertical plates like the stone walls, horizontal plates with some basket and declined plates. Based on the position against the root base, they may include cave roof shields, cave wall shields, shields parasitized on stalactites, stalagmites, columns even flowstone and plates. According to the plate structure, they may be drawn as monoplates, twin plates, x-plates and network plates. They may be divided into board plates, hair-brush plates, basket shields, mosquito-net shields and column shields. Referring to the relation between the plates and the features below them, most of the shields grow along fine fissures in the dolomitic rocks. Shields have been reported from many countries from tropical to temperate climatic zones. (author; RB).
Source : BBS
HONG-CHUN, Li; TEH-LUNG, Ku; STOTT, Lowell D.; YUAN, Daoxian; CHEN, Wenji; LI, Tieying (1997): [Interannual - resolution ∂13C record of stalagmites as proxy for the changes in precipitation and atmospheric CO2 in Shihua cave, Beijing].-
Carsologia sinica, Vol. 16 No.4, Dec.1997: 285-295 (1 tab., 1 fig.) (chines., engl. summ.).
The changes in the ∂13C record for the last 50 years reveal the effect of increased atmospheric CO2 concentration. (RB).
Source : BBS
ZHANG, Qiang; ZHAO, Shuyan; ZHAO, Xifang (1997): [CO2 monitoring and assessment of Shihua cave, Beijing].-
Carsologia sinica, Vol. 16 No.4, Dec.1997: 325-331 (6 tab., 3 fig.) (chines., engl. summ.).
Time and space distribution; basis for cave tourism development. (RB).
Source : BBS
JIAN, Chen (1990) : Caves in China.-
NSS News vol. 48(2) : 43.
A list of 29 caves more than 2 km long.Tenglong dong (Hubei) 32, 0 km; Baishui gond(Guizhou) 22, 45 km; Duobing dong (Guizhou) 17, 21 km; Baimo dong (Guangxi) 15, 70 km etc. (RB)
Source : BBS
Li, Tieying: Cave scenery in Shihua cave region, Beijing. In: Karst landscape and cave tourism.
Edited by Linhua Song; Huaiyuan Ting, China environmental science press, 192-195, 1993.
Shihuadong (Stone Flower Cave) scenery area, 50km far from Beijing, is located at Nancheying village, Fangshan District, Beijing. The Shihua cave develops in the Ordovician Majiagou limestone on the northern limb of Beilin syncline. Cambrian and Ordovician limestone is about 3900m thick. In the study area, Shihua Cave, Kungshui Cave, Bailong yan and Yinhudong Cave systems each with over 1000m long have been discovered. In which, Shihua cave is only opened for the tourists. The magnificent, colourful and different size and kind of speleothems such as stalactites, stalagmites, flow stone, stone curtains, stone flags, helicties, columns, straws, hanging tubes etc. have been seriously protected. The Shihua cave is with high values of scientific research and tourism.
Source : IGU KC
QIN, Xiaoguang; TAN, Ming; LIU, Tungsheng; WANG, Xianfeng; LI, Tieying; LU, Jinpo
Spectral analysis of a 1000-year stalagmite lamina-thickness record from Shihua Cavern, Beijing, China, and its climatic significance The Holocene, vol. 9.6 (1999) : 689-694
Stalagmite laminae provide a high-resolution geological record of climate change. In this paper, moving spectral analysis is used to analyse a stalagmite lamina thickness record to study climatic variability. It was found that the dominant cycles of the lamina thickness sequence are 2, 3.3, 5-6, 10-12, 14-18, 133 and 194 years. Some of the cycles are the same as the cycle of modern climatic indices, such as the QBO (Quasi Biennial Oscillation) of 2 years, the QTO (Quasi Triple-year Oscillation) cycle of about 3.5 years, the QFO (Quasi Five-year Oscillation) cycle of 5-6 years and the QEO (Quasi Eleven-year Oscillation) cycle of 11 years. It was also found that there are different dominant cycles in different time periods. Usually, the dominant cycles are stronger in wet periods when the microlaminae are thicker. In dry periods, the microlaminae are thinner and the power of the dominant cycles is also weaker. Another feature is that the power of the dominant cycles and their long-term periods and frequencies appear to change. These phenomena are important for understanding the climate changes in Beijing area over the last 1 ka. (PYJ).
Source : BBS
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